Botanical Family Asteraceae
Bloom Time July – September
Dispersal Unit Monad
Aperture Number 3
Aperture Type Compound
Ornamentation Echinate
Tectum Eutectate
Size (um) 17 um
Shape Round
Pollen Color Dark brown, black
Pollen Source • • •
Nectar Source • • •
Botanical Family Rutaceae
Bloom Time July – August
Dispersal Unit Monad
Aperture Number 3
Aperture Type Compound
Ornamentation Reticulate
Tectum Eutectate
Size (um)
Shape Round
Pollen Color
Pollen Source
Nectar Source
Botanical Family Rosaceae
Bloom Time June – August
Dispersal Unit Monad
Aperture Number 3
Aperture Type Colpus
Ornamentation Granulate/Perforate
Tectum Eutectate
Size (um)
Shape Round
Pollen Color Gray, Yellow
Pollen Source • •
Nectar Source • •
Petunia spp.–Petunia
Botanical Family Solanaceae
Bloom Time May to Frost
Dispersal Unit Monad
Aperture Number 0
Aperture Type Sulcus
Ornamentation Pilate/Granulate
Tectum Eutectate
Size (um)
Shape Oval
Origanum vulgare–Oregano
Botanical Family Lamiaceae
Bloom Time July – September
Dispersal Unit Monad
Aperture Number 6
Aperture Type Colpus
Ornamentation Granulate/Perforate
Tectum Semi-tectate
Size (um)
Shape Round
Panicum virgatum–Switchgrass
Botanical Family Poaceae
Bloom Time July – February
Dispersal Unit Monad
Aperture Number 3
Aperture Type Compound
Ornamentation Echinate
Tectum Eutectate
Size (um) 27
Shape Round
Botanical Family Cactaceae
Bloom Time May – August
Dispersal Unit Monad
Aperture Number 6+
Aperture Type Porate
Ornamentation Reticulate
Tectum Semi-tectate
Size (um) 123
Shape Round
Pollen color
Pollen Source
Nectar Source
Flower photos contributed by Mount Cuba
Botanical Family Onagraceae
Bloom Time May – August
Dispersal Unit Monad
Aperture Number 3
Aperture Type Compound
Ornamentation Porate
Tectum Eutectate
Size (um) 116
Shape Triangle
Pollen Color Yellow
Pollen Source • •
Nectar Source •
Flower photos contributed by Mount Cuba
The pollen load of Oenothera spp. is typically large and untidy, usually trailing rather than compact.
Hodges, D. (1952). The pollen loads of the honey bee: a guide to their identification by colour and form. London: Bee Research Assoc. Ltd.
Botanical Family Onagraceae
Bloom Time May – August
Dispersal Unit Monad
Aperture Number 3
Aperture Type Compound
Ornamentation Granulate/Perforate
Tectum Eutectate
Size (um)
Shape Triangle
Pollen Color
The Anther's Promise 